Unveiling pediatric secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a comprehensive analysis of etiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Objective To describe the etiological spectrum, treatment approaches, clinical and laboratory characteristics in pediatric secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) to improve awareness of this severe illness and summarize evolving management strategies. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 110 children initially diagnosed with sHLH at our hospital between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2025. Results Among 110 sHLH patients, the median age at diagnosis was 2.67 years (1.17,