All‐Dry and Scalable Direct Recycling of Spent Ternary Black Mass Toward Long‐Life Ah‑Level Pouch Cell

The direct recycling of spent cathode materials is a promising strategy for a sustainable supply chain but remains challenging for industrial-sourced cathode black mass due to its complex morphology and heterogeneous impurities. Here, we report an all‑dry and scalable process that directly regenerates spent LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523) black mass into high‑performance cathode materials. By integrating plasma-assisted mechanochemistry with thermal annea