Effects of early use of norepinephrine combined with esmolol on hemodynamic stability and 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock

Sepsis and septic shock are leading causes of intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, with persistent high mortality despite standard care including norepinephrine. This study aimed to investigate whether early combination therapy with norepinephrine and esmolol improves hemodynamics and 28-day survival in septic shock patients. This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with septic shock between June 2020 and June 2023. Patients were divided into a norepinephrine only (NEO) group and a nore