A conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase rewires carotenoid, sterol, and lipid metabolism in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
Ran Huang·Shi‐An Wang·Ruirui Ding·Yu Liu·Juanjuan Su·Zhihang Chen·Yong Fan·Feng Li·Linqi Wang·Xiao Liu·Jiurong Wang
Sterols, lipids, and carotenoids are major metabolites that share common biosynthetic precursors and underpin key physiological processes in eukaryotes. Yet, how cells coordinate metabolic flux through these competing pathways to maintain homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we identify a conserved RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, PTR1, as a central regulatory hub that orchestrates the interplay among these pathways in the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous . Disruption of PTR1 triggers a concerted