Hypolipidemic Effect of Avicennia marina Fruit Extract in High-fat Diet and Cigarette Smoke-induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

Background: Hyperlipidemia, exacerbated by high-fat diet and cigarette smoke exposure, is a key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and Avicennia marina fruit extract may offer promising hypolipidemic benefits as a natural therapeutic agent. Aims: To evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of ethanol extract of Avicennia marina fruit (EEAF) in hyperlipidemic rats induced by a combination of a high-fat diet and cigarette smoke exposure, based on total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Study Des