Abstract Vegetative propagation using cuttings is a widely practiced asexual propagation method in horticulture, forestry, and agriculture for producing genetically uniform plants. This technique exploits the regenerative capacity of detached plant organs to form adventitious roots and shoots through mitotic cell division and physiological reprogramming. Rooting success is governed by cellular totipotency, hormonal balance, carbohydrate availability, and environmental conditions. This review sum