Paeonia, one of China’s traditional ornamental plants, is also an important medicinal species (Fan et al., 2024; Ma et al., 2024). Its cultivation originated in China, with the Chinese peony group being the only source of wild species in the genus Paeonia, including Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle, Paeonia mairei H. Lév., and Paeonia obovata Maxim. (Ma et al., 2024). Paeonia is also widely used as a high-quality cut flower around the world. Dianjiang, Chongqing, has a long history of peony cultivat