Atractylodes macrocephala is a perennial medicinal herb widely cultivated in China, valued for its diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, gastroprotective, and metabolic regulatory activities (Gu et al. 2020). In August 2025, a previously undescribed rhizome rot disease was observed in a cultivation field in Luyi County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, China (33.8076°N, 115.5368°E). The disease incidence was approximately 6.5%, affecting an estimated 800 plants