Performance evaluation of the effect of tilt angle on a grid connected photovoltaic power plant using PVsyst

The performance of a 3 kW grid-connected photovoltaic system installed at Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Agra (27.21° N, 77.99° E) was simulated using PVsyst to evaluate the influence of module tilt angle on energy yield and system losses. Simulation results show that tilt angles between 25°–35° produce maximum annual irradiance, with a peak global incident irradiance of approximately 2025 kWh m⁻² yr⁻¹, annual energy injection of 4943 kWh, and a performance ratio of 0.816. Temperature-related