Design and performance characterization of a multi-chamber, liquid-cooled lighting incubator for high-throughput photobiological research

Precise and independent control of illumination and temperature is essential for photobiological experiments and mammalian cell culture. To overcome the limited throughput and thermal instability of existing lighting incubators, we developed a high-throughput lighting incubator comprising eight independently controlled light-exposure chambers within a shared physiological environment. The integration of high-density LED arrays in such a confined architecture, however, leads to severe heat accumu