Manufacturer's Pricing and Consumer Behavior with Peer-to-Peer Marketplace and Collection Platform

In the context of the growing secondhand economy, this paper examines a supply chain involving a monopolistic manufacturer of durable products operating under three configurations: no secondhand market (Scenario N), participation in a peer-to-peer (P2P) marketplace (Scenario P2P), and collaboration with a collection platform (Scenario PL). We develop three game-theoretic models to characterize the manufacturer's pricing decisions and consumers' purchase and replacement behaviors across these sce