CXCR2 blockade overcomes the NETosis-mediated resistance to MEK inhibition in pancreatic cancer models

Single-agent anti-PD-1 antibody is ineffective for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) due to its immunosuppressive tumor-microenvironment (TME). KRAS-mutations contribute to the inflammatory TME and therapeutic resistance by upregulating IL-8 via MAPK pathways. Thus, this study attempted to overcome the resistance to anti-PD-1 antibody by targeting downstream KRAS-effectors. The study found that the resistance to anti-PD-1 antibody can be overcome through MEK1/2-inhibition. The combination