Interpretable machine learning reveals metabolomic signatures: biomarkers and mechanisms in acute vs chronic angle-closure glaucoma

Acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (APACG) and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG) exhibit distinct clinical features, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their differing progression rates remain unclear. This study integrates metabolomics and machine learning to identify subtype-specific metabolic profiles and serum biomarkers for distinguishing APACG from CPACG. A total of 128 patients were included: 47 APACG and 47 CPACG patients from the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan Universit