A novel method to encapsulate polydeoxyribonucleotides extracted from trout into exosomes and applications in skin recovery

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), a DNA polymer derived from salmonid tissue, is widely used in regenerative dermatology but its topical application is limited by poor stability and delivery efficiency. Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles with high cellular uptake and low immunogenicity, offer a promising platform for nucleic acid protection and targeted delivery. In this study, we developed an electroporation-based method to load fragmented PDRN into HaCaT-derived exosomes for enhanced skin regeneration