The triggered antioxidant response and corresponding metabolomics expression of Caenorhabditis elegans for chronic exposure to moxifloxacin and trace copper

As the terminal management for evaluating the engineering effectiveness of antibiotics production and utilization, the toxic effects of moxifloxacin (MOX) and trace concentration of Cu²⁺ (MOX-Cu) on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were investigated at physiological, biochemical, and molecular level. Although the stimulate effects were observed after prolonged exposure (72 h) to MOX (0.2-2.0 mg/L), the expressions of HSPs, ace genes, and daf-16 were inhibited, indicating its advers