Assessment of Lead and Iron Contamination in Soil and Plants in Al-Kifil, Babylon Governorate, Iraq

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil poses a significant threat to food safety and public health. This study investigated the concentrations of Lead (Pb) and Iron (Fe) in various plant species and their associated soils at the Al-Kifil site compared to a control site (Al-Ibrahimiya). Soil and plant samples (Onion, Swiss Chard, Broad Beans, Spinach, Garden Cress, and Barley) were analyzed for Pb and Fe content. Soil physicochemical properties, including pH, Salinity (EC), and Organic Ma