With plans to return to the Moon and explore Mars, long-duration missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are on the verge of becoming a reality. Medical self-sufficiency will be vital as astronauts operate far from Earth, where logistic support is limited, communication delays are prolonged, and emergency evacuation may not be feasible. While previous researchers have discussed medical risks and autonomy in space, no prior research has systematically examined how immediate medical emergencies are