Whiteness and greenness metric tools for assessment of the spectrophotometric methods sustainability: mathematical manipulation of absorption spectra to resolve the interfering donepezil HCl and pentoxifylline in ethoniosomes

Ethoniosomes have garnered significant interest as a novel class of lipid-based nano-carriers. Derived from the integration of ethanol and non-ionic surfactants within their vesicular structures, ethoniosomes exhibit superior physicochemical stability, enhanced skin permeability, and the capacity to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. In this study, three quick, easy, affordable, and environmentally friendly spectrophotometric methodologies have been developed to simultaneously as