In vitro and in silico characterization of Crocatin A from red betel leaves: targeting DNA gyrase B and DNA ligase of Enterococcus faecalis with ADMET-based druglikeness analysis

Dental caries is a disease of tooth tissue that can lead to complications, with Enterococcus faecalis being one of the Gram-positive bacteria that plays a crucial role in the infection process. Red betel leaves (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) are known to contain various phytochemicals; however, the antibacterial potential of Crocatin A, one of its isolated compounds, against E. faecalis and its molecular targets has not been previously reported. This study hypothesized that Crocatin A exhibits ant