The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is currently listed as an endangered species in eastern Australia and faces significant anthropomorphic, disease, and stochastic climatic threats, so that a more active management approach is required for its survival. Given the development and success of captive breeding and assisted reproductive technology (ART) in this species over the last 25 years, this chapter critically examines the current and potential utility of genome banking (live and frozen) as a m