A skilled workforce that understands the needs of children and can deliver high quality curricula to children with diverse needs, is required in order to realise the wide-ranging benefits that could follow from public investment in [early childhood education and care] ECEC provision (such as in-service Professional Development (PD)). It is well established in the literature that high quality ECEC is important for children's outcomes, and that variations in quality can be explained, to a large ex