Toth, Ben: Neither Ghost nor Parrot: Wittgenstein and the Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence

Despite teaching Alan Turing, shaping the philosophical orientation of an earlier generation of AI critics, and, as Lydia Liu (2021) has recently shown, providing the philosophical foundation for one of the earliest research programmes in computational linguistics, Ludwig Wittgenstein is largely absent from contemporary debates about Artificial Intelligence. This paper surveys his influence and argues that his later philosophy reframes the central question of machine intelligence in a way that c