Bailey, Denis: Evolution: The Universal Operator

This paper argues that evolution is not a biological mechanism but a universal operator: a substrate‑independent process that transforms undifferentiated possibility into coherent, self‑maintaining form. The operator has a stable, domain‑invariant structure—variation, selection, and retention—and this structure appears across physical, chemical, biological, cognitive, cultural, and technological systems. By treating evolution as a formal operator rather than a biological process, the paper disso