MRFHE: Mixed-Radix Fully Homomorphic Encryption with Better Batch Bootstrapping

Fully homomorphic encryption is a promising cryptographic primitive for privacy-preserving computation, yet bootstrapping remains the primary bottleneck for its practical deployment. For the CKKS scheme, the dominant cost of bootstrapping arises from the homomorphic evaluation of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its inverse. Existing approaches realize these operations as matrix-vector products, thereby relying heavily on a large number of homomorphic rotations, a type of key-switching o