The State Of LLMs 2025: Progress, Problems, and Predictions
Sebastian Raschka, PhD
The State Of LLMs 2025: Progress, Problems, and Predictions
As 2025 comes to a close, I want to look back at some of the year’s most important developments in large language models, reflect on the limitations and open problems that remain, and share a few thoughts on what might come next.
As I tend to say every year, 2025 was a very eventful year for LLMs and AI, and this year, there was no sign of progress saturating or slowing down.
1. The Year of Reasoning, RLVR, and GRPO
There are many...