Populism has become one of the major challenges facing contemporary Western democracies, reshaping political competition, public discourse, and citizen engagement (Kriesi et al., 2008; Müller, 2014). Rather than a single ideology, it is best approached as a flexible phenomenon combining ideological content, political strategy, and communicative style. Ideologically, populism constructs politics as a moral struggle between two antagonistic camps “the people” and “the elite” and asserts that...