ObjectiveTo develop a scale to measure fertility social mentality among women of childbearing age in China and to assess its psychometric properties, including reliability, validity, and measurement invariance.MethodsA total of 496, 857, 607, 632 and 362 women of childbearing age were recruited to conduct exploratory factor analysis, reliability and validity testing, and measurement invariance testing, respectively.ResultsThe Fertility Social Mentality Scale for Women of Childbearing Age compris