Different Propagation Mechanisms of Deep and Shallow Wintertime Extratropical Cyclones over the North Pacific

Different Propagation Mechanisms of Deep and Shallow Wintertime Extratropical Cyclones over the North Pacific Yao, Yuling; Zhang, Yang; Hodges, Kevin I; Tamarin-Brodsky, Talia Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) are three-dimensional synoptic systems in the middle and high latitudes. Previous studies on ETC propagation have typically focused on cyclones identified at a single level. However, more recent studies have found that ETCs have diverse vertical structures and cyclones with different vertical