Human–Animal Co-Existence In India: Legal Framework, Challenges, And The Role Of Sterilization And Vaccination

Manjula. G, LLB, VELS Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies L. Keerthana, Assistant Professor, School of Law, VISTAS ABSTRACT Human–animal co-existence in India reflects the complex intersection between law, ethics, and ecology. With rapid urbanization and increasing human population density, conflict between humans and community animals—particularly dogs and cattle—has intensified. The legal framework established by the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960 and the Animal...