Relationships between academic self-perceptions and grade outcomes between year 6 and 12 of the Swedish compulsory school system

IntroductionThis study investigates the longitudinal relationship between academic grade outcomes and academic self-perceptions of ability across three time-points of the Swedish compulsory school.MethodsThe study uses a cross-lagged panel model to analyse register and questionnaire data from 6,370 students between the ages of 12 and 19 in the three subjects of Swedish, English, and mathematics.ResultsResults revealed a changing relationship between grades and self-perceptions as students mature