Multi-criteria ranking of renewable energy alternatives for smart grids using expert-weighted TOPSIS
Sen Song
IntroductionHigh penetration of renewable energy sources increases operational variability and planning uncertainty in smart grids. Transparent prioritization of technologies is required before detailed sizing and dispatch analysis.MethodsA decision support framework based on expert weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution is applied. Four alternatives, solar PV, wind, hydropower, and biomass, are assessed using four criteria: efficiency, cost, emissions, and resou