Off-road Vehicle-Induced Substrate Vibrations Are Associated with Strong Declines in Ectomycorrhizal Mushroom Fruiting in Forest Ecosystems
Lev Shestakov
OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, Published online: 23 May 2026; doi:10.3844/ojbsci.2026.26.02.035 We conducted a multi-year (2020-2024) control-impact field study in a pine forest of the Moscow Region to assess whether off-road vehicle activity affects the fruiting of two ecologically important ec...