Optimized Wireless Sensor Network Clustering Using a Hybrid Firefly–Bat Algorithm (HFBA)

Asha V
Journal of Computer Science, Published online: 19 May 2026; doi:10.3844/jcssp.2026.1494.1509 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are composed of numerous sensor nodes that collaborate to observe and evaluate various environmental parameters, transmitting the data to a central base station. Each n...