This study presents the experimental and theoretical evaluation of a HDH desalination system integrating vortex tube and bubble column. The motivation stems from the need for energy-efficient and scalable solutions to address freshwater scarcity, particularly in regions with limited access to conventional desalination infrastructure. We design a system comprising an air compressor, vortex tube, bubble column, and double-tube condenser, where pressurized air is separated by vortex tube into hot and cold streams where both streams used to facilitate vapor generation and condensation. Experimental tests are conducted at heater temperatures of 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C, revealing that water production peaks at 70 °C with a rate of 0.098 g/s, whereas higher temperatures exhibit diminishing returns. Theoretical analysis confirms the system’s thermal efficiency, with an overall heat transfer coefficient of 2.98 W/m2·K and a condenser length of 1.17 m is required to achieve a heat transfer rate of 17 W. The logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) is calculated as 28.8 K, validating the design’s effectiveness. The results demonstrate a strong alignment between experimental and theoretical predictions, underscoring the system’s feasibility for practical deployment. The novelty of this work lies in the synergistic integration of vortex tube and bubble column technologies, which has not been addressed n the previous studies. This research contributes to advancing sustainable desalination methods, offering a promising alternative to traditional energy-intensive processes.