Outcome-based education and student learning in probability and statistics: the mediating roles of engagement and self-efficacy in a new liberal arts context
Joana Jaya
In the context of pursuing quality education empirical evidence for Outcome-Based Education (OBE) in foundational mathematics is limited, particularly regarding the psychological mechanisms through which it affects learning. This gap is acute within China's New Liberal Arts initiative, a national higher-education reform integrating quantitative reasoning with humanistic and interdisciplinary competencies. This study investigated the association between OBE and three learning outcomes, namely kno