Information competence and critical thinking in digital environments evidence from university students in Kazakhstan
Assan Tuxanbayev
The rapid expansion of digital platforms and generative artificial intelligence has reshaped how university students access and evaluate academic information, intensifying concerns about information reliability, critical thinking, and ethical use. This study addresses the gap between students’ widespread access to digital information and their capacity to critically evaluate and responsibly use it in academic contexts, particularly in underrepresented settings such as Kazakhstan. A sequential mi