The QBO–MJO Connection: A Possible Role for the SST and ENSO

The QBO–MJO Connection: A Possible Role for the SST and ENSO Randall, David A; Tziperman, Eli; Branson, Mark D; Richter, Jadwiga H; Kang, Wanying We examine the hypothesis that the observed connection between the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and the strength of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is modulated by the sea surface temperature (SST)—for example, by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A composite analysis shows that, globally, La Niña SSTs are remarkably similar to