Integrated NPSB fertilizer and vermicompost improve soil fertility, onion seed yield, and quality in North Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia
Fekadu, Ayehu
Onion seed productivity, quality, and profitability in Ethiopia are constrained by declining soil fertility and inadequate fertilizer management, particularly due to a historical reliance only on blanket nitrogen-phosphorus-based recommendations for bulb production. Therefore, the study examined the impacts of NPSB fertilizer, vermicompost, and their integrated application on soil fertility, onion seed yield, and quality in Yaya-Gulele, Oromia, Ethiopia. Treatments comprised a factorial combinat