IntroductionSoil profile morphology provides critical insights into pedogenic processes, geo-environmental conditions, and the agricultural potential of landscapes. This study evaluated soil profile morphology as an indicator of geo-environmental processes and agronomic potential in tropical landscapes of Southern Ekiti State, Nigeria.MethodologyNine representative pedons were selected across Gbonyin, Ikere, and Ekiti South-West Local Government Areas and described using standard field procedures. A total of 43 soil samples collected from identified genetic horizons were analyzed for selected physico-chemical properties. The soils were classified according to USDA Soil Taxonomy and the World Reference Base (WRB) systems, while land suitability evaluations for maize (Zea mays L.), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), and Bologi (Crassocephalum biafrae) were conducted using the FAO land evaluation framework.ResultsThe soils exhibited considerable variability in morphological and physicochemical characteristics, with profile depths ranging from 94 to 150 cm. Soil pH ranged from 5.0 to 6.1, organic carbon from 0.91 to 1.88%, total nitrogen from 0.08 to 0.15%, available phosphorus from 6.2 to 15.6 mg kg1, and cation exchange capacity from 8.7 to 18.3 cmol kg1, indicating slightly to moderately acidic soils with low to moderate fertility. The soils were predominantly classified as Ultisols, including Typic and Aquic Hapludults, Paleudults, and Endoaquults, with localized occurrences of Udipsamments. Suitability assessments indicated that pedons IKR 3 and ESW 3 were highly suitable for maize, cassava, and Bologi production, whereas poor drainage, coarse texture, moderate acidity, and low nutrient retention constituted the major limitations in other pedons.DiscussionThe study demonstrates that integrating soil morphological observations with physico-chemical characterization and land suitability evaluation provides a robust basis for sustainable land-use planning and crop-specific management decisions in tropical agroecosystems.