Enhancing renewable utilization through energy flexibility: lessons learned from a residential cluster
Marcin Zygmunt
As climate change accelerates, buildings must adopt not only efficient envelopes and systems but also operational strategies that enhance sustainability. Building Energy Flexibility (BEF) becomes particularly valuable when scaled to Energy Clusters (ECs), where multiple buildings coordinate energy use. This study evaluates a cluster of 202 single-family houses in Lodz, Poland, where each building acts as a prosumer. Energy efficiency is achieved through deep thermal modernization, resulting in t