Comparative diagnostic efficacy of swab stick and pipette sampling techniques for vaginal cytology in oestrous detection of West African Dwarf Goats
James W. Oguttu
BackgroundAccurate detection and monitoring of the oestrous cycle in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats is indispensable for reproductive management. Vaginal cytology is commonly used, but different collection methods may vary in diagnostic efficacy, smear quality, and animal safety. This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of pipette and swab stick methods for monitoring the oestrous cycle of WAD goats.MethodsFour cyclic WAD goats were sampled repeatedly for four consecutive days using both pipe