Bulgaria, Jamel: The Structural-Constructivist Resolution of Affective Science: Functional Operators and the 3x3+1 Architecture in the Core Emotion Framework

The historical arc of affective science has been defined by a deep-seated ontological friction, frequently characterized as a "hundred-year war" between two irreconcilable paradigms. On one side of this schism stand discrete emotion theories, most notably the "basic emotion" framework championed by Paul Ekman and Carroll Izard. This tradition posits that emotions such as anger, fear, and joy are biologically hardwired, universal categories with dedicated neural circuits and distinct facial signa