Joël Scherk (1946-1980) In memoriam Joël Scherk Joël Scherk died on May 16, 1980. Although 33 years old, he had made many very important discoveries in dual string theory and supergravity, as will be manifest in this review. It is striking to note how logical and sustained the development of his thinking was. His first important contribution was the renormalization of the one-loop open dual string amplitude. Then he developed the idea of the zero-slope limit when all masses except the lightest..