ObjectiveExamine how perceived school climate influences adolescent aggressive behavior, focusing on the mediating role of friendship quality and the moderating role of psychological resilience using a moderated mediation model grounded in ecological systems theory, interpersonal perspectives, and resilience frameworks.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4991 students (aged 8–20 years) from 36 primary (Grades 4 and 5), middle school (Grades 1 and 2), and high schools (Grades 10 a