The Basic Structure Doctrine at 50: Comparative Perspectives and Its Future Trajectory in Indian Jurisprudence

The Basic Structure Doctrine, established through the landmark Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), represents one of the most significant constitutional innovations in judicial history. This paper examines the doctrine's evolution over five decades, analyzing its theoretical foundations, comparative constitutional positions, and contemporary challenges. Through doctrinal analysis and comparative methodology, this study explores how the doctrine has shaped Indian constitutional jurispr