New energy demonstration cities and urban ecological outcomes: greening gains without broader resilience improvement in Chinese cities
Jiang Ruichen
BackgroundUrban ecological resilience is critical for sustainable development, yet the effects of energy transition policies on specific ecological dimensions remain poorly understood. This study evaluates whether China’s National New Energy Demonstration City pilot policy, implemented in 2014, improves urban ecological outcomes, and if so, which dimensions of the ecological system are most responsive.MethodsWe employ a difference-in-differences (DID) framework using an unbalanced panel of 298 C