Heavy metals remain pervasive environmental stressors, yet comparative hazard ranking often relies on single-point metrics (e.g., EC50) and limited test species, potentially obscuring concentration–response (C–R) shape information and cross-trophic variability. Here, acute C–R relationships for ten metals were quantified across four organisms representing distinct trophic levels (Danio rerio, Daphnia magna, Aliivibrio fischeri, and Scenedesmus obliquus). Probit regression was used to derive mult
Construction of a comprehensive bio-toxicity index for heavy metals across multiple trophic levels based on the integration of lethal concentration-response curves using entropy weighting method
Xinzong Xiao
