Symposion: Theoretical and Applied Inquiries in Philosophy and Social Sciences 13 (1):35-60. 2026In his 1843 essay, “On the Jewish Question,” Marx argues in favor of Jewish political emancipation. However, this entails freedom in a merely negative sense only — the absence of official discrimination before the law. The question thus remains: What of full human emancipation? Is Marx’s positive conception of freedom, based on rational enlightenment and universal solidarity, compatible with contin
