New Quality Productive Forces (NQPF) refers to the shift in economic structure from factor-driven extensive growth to an innovation-intensive production system. This paper quantifies it from six dimensions: technological productivity, innovation capacity, digital industrialization, industrial digitalization, environmental productivity, and resource efficiency. The study focuses on 18 provinces along China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), covering data from 2001 to 2023. An economic-energy-envir