philosophy-of-mind

Dogmatists employing easily forgeable notions of intelligence have spread the repeated credo that intelligence and consciousness must necessarily correspond to two fundamentally different, entirely unrelated concepts and declared the ignorance of every differing philosophical view while concurrently claiming that nobody is able to scientifically clarify what consciousness signifies in the first p…

Title: The Logical Impossibility of Skepticism: The Doubtability of the Cogito Author: Heesung Lim (Independent Scholar) This paper investigates the fundamental contradictions inherent in modern skepticism, primarily focusing on the deconstruction of René Descartes' "Cogito, ergo sum." While Descartes is hailed as the father of modern skepticism, this study argues that he failed to apply the rigo…

_Australasian Journal of Philosophy_. forthcomingThere is a puzzle concerning haptic touch that has by and large gone unnoticed in the philosophical and psychological literature. This puzzle arises from a tension between two claims concerning the spatial phenomenology of haptic perceptual experience: first, that we experience the objects of haptic perception as spatially continuous unified items;…

This paper argues that the philosophical possibility of teleportation creates a neglected pressure point for personal identity in Everettian many-worlds theories. If teleportation can count as survival because it preserves the relevant informational structure of a subject — memories, dispositions, bodily organization, and psychological continuity — then local material continuity cannot be the fun…

In Theôria as Cognition in Plato. Brill. pp. 43–59. 2026In the Republic, mathematics turns students' souls from sensibles to intelligibles. While there has been plenty of discussion of the transition from sensibles to mathematics, the transition from mathematics to dialectic has received less attention. I argue that Plato sees mathematics as usefully flawed in a way that leads students to dialect…

The classical problem of identity through change has been framed as a tension between flux and persistence: either reality is continuous becoming without stable identity, or identity is preserved at the cost of denying genuine change. This essay proposes a third framework by grounding identity in the topology of transition. It argues that any transition between states contains a continuous infini…

A collection of 11 short stories designed as a "tragicomic hack" of modern nihilism. Using the framework of Multiple Singularity, these stories translate complex ontological concepts into accessible narratives for teenagers and young adults. The goal is to synchronize the observer's "inner tuning fork" with the Absolute, bypassing the deadlocks of academic discourse. Do not be envious.

Building on the consciousness-noumenon isomorphism thesis developed in our previous work [Zhou, 2026], this paper extends the formalization boundary framework to address two foundational questions left unresolved: (1) How does consciousness transcend G¨odelian incompleteness and self-referential paradoxes? (2) What are the ontological conditions for recursive self-improvement of consciousness, bo…

Coherence Structure and Translation (CST) develops a category-theoretic framework for cross-realm coordination between physical processes, mental experience, and formal structures such as language, logic, and mathematics. The central problem: how do these three domains cohere in everyday acts of perception, communication, and measurement — and what goes structurally wrong when they fail to do so?…

Why is there something rather than nothing? And why does that something——the universe, with all its galaxies, stars, and living beings——keep producing difference rather than settling into a dead, uniform stillness? This paper argues that answering this question requires two distinct things: a formal structure and a dynamical source. The formal structure is the Meta-State——a dual-symbiotic relatio…

On the Metabolic Identity is a short philosophical statement, in numbered propositions, on the recognition that contradiction is constitutive of identity. The piece states a single formal result: given an involutive negation N on a domain Φ and the axiom that the metabolism of any element with its own negation returns the element — M(x, N(x)) = x — the operation M is necessarily non-commutative. …

Many philosophical and scientific explanations begin from objects, processes, events, facts, fields, systems, models, measurements, computations, organisms, institutions, or memories already in place. Those explanations may be legitimate within their domains, but they are too late for a lower question: what must be true for anything to stand as actual at all? This paper develops a state-primitive…

This paper applies the retrospective methodology of Structural Determination Theory (SDT) to the domain of conscious evolution, deriving a precise account of free will entirely from SDT's single ontological axiom—reality consists of distinctly differentiated structure. The argument proceeds without entering the traditional compatibilism–libertarianism–eliminativism debate from within; it establis…

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Published online: 04 May 2026; doi:10.1057/s41599-026-07442-2 The emergent self: exploring the self from complexity science, panarchy and active inference

This philosophical note introduces a novel conceptual framework within the Inverse Consciousness Time Theory. It challenges the conventional perception of the "Now" by defining it as a 0 minus state—a temporal vanishing point where the moment of awareness is already a past event relative to the speed of light. Drawing from a deterministic logical framework, the author argues that consciousness op…

Rationality is usually very fundamental within philosophical inquiry; it helps people figure out their beliefs, justifications, and truths. Because of this, rationality is utilized in every field of contemporary philosophy, including epistemology, logic, metaphysics, and many other fields. It helps act as a norm that facilitates rational thought, which helps lead to the discovery of truths; howev…

This paper proposes a synthesis of mathematical logic, quantum ontology, and aesthetics to overcome the current crisis of nihilism. Drawing on Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems, the author argues that the Universe (the Absolute), as a formal system, requires an "External Gaze" to perceive its own completeness. Humanity is defined not as a biological accident, but as a necessary network of non-algor…

Some philosophy professors, realizing that many of their students are unfamiliar with writing philosophy papers, provide them with “how-to” guides to the task. [Originally posted on January 15, 2019. Reposted by reader request.] I thought it might be useful to collect examples of these. If you know of any already online, please mention them in the comments and include links. If you have a PDF of …

This paper (in Chinese) is focusing on Zhang Xianglong’s temporal interpretation of filial piety. Zhang Xianglong argues that parental love is necessary for filial consciousness, emerging from a temporal reversal when children become parents. This paper challenges that claim using counterexamples (parental absence, abuse, adoption, childlessness), showing filial consciousness can arise without re…

The end spoiler sample from my book: Matheism: One Math God; Why You and All Must Exist in Sophie's Multiverse. Proof, Poetry, Biblical Metaphors, Animals, Koans. Epic ending. Better to read the book before spoiling it with this ending. This is here for Google, and to timestamp copyright and ideas, and for those that like to read things backwards. The Abstract and Real is One: Non-duality: all co…